¿Cómo nació la idea de un Registro Multidimensional para los Wayúu?

Nace como una respuesta a la Sentencia T-302 de 2017 de la Corte Constitucional, la cual pidió mejorar la información sobre el pueblo indígena Wayúu para que el Estado pueda planificar y ejecutar mejores políticas públicas que garanticen sus derechos. De hecho, la Corte mencionó que algunos programas no estaban funcionando satisfactoriamente a favor del pueblo indígena Wayúu y que era necesario hacer un registro específico en los 4 municipios con mayor población Wayúu.

¿Qué pregunta el Registro?

Sobre aspectos clave de la vida del pueblo indígena Wayúu: acceso a agua potable, servicios de salud, alimentación adecuada, nacimientos, condiciones de vida, defunciones y otros temas. Esto permite tener información actualizada sobre su población, sus necesidades reales y cómo viven, para que el Estado colombiano genere acciones que mejoren su calidad de vida.

¿Cómo participa el pueblo indígena Wayúu en el registro?

Este es el primer ejercicio estadístico en el que un pueblo indígena no solo respondió encuestas, sino que participó activamente en su diseño y aplicación. De hecho, las autoridades ancestrales, tradicionales, y el pueblo en general, ayudaron a construir los formularios y a llevar a cabo las encuestas. Así mismo, el DANE hizo un proceso de contratación directa con organizaciones indígenas Wayúu para los roles de encuestadores y supervisores.

De esta manera, también se aseguró que la recolección respete la autonomía indígena y se desarrollen las encuestas en la lengua natal, el wayuunaiki.

¿Cómo se verifican los datos y cada cuánto se actualizan en el Sistema?

Recopilando información cada tres meses de entidades como el DANE, el Ministerio de Salud, el ICBF, la Registraduría y las alcaldías. Luego, las bases se cruzan entre sí para reducir errores y mejorar la cobertura. Además, se usan herramientas tecnológicas geoespaciales para ubicar zonas rurales habitadas por el pueblo indígena Wayúu y existen unos comités técnicos encargados de validar los datos.

¿A qué personas se aplicó el Registro?

A todas las personas del pueblo indígena Wayúu que vivan en los lugares mencionados en la Sentencia. Dentro del marco del Registro se visitan todas y cada una de las viviendas.

¿Qué es una capa?

En el contexto de los mapas, una capa es un conjunto de datos geográficos que se superpone a un mapa base. Cada capa contiene información sobre un tema específico, como la ubicación de las fuentes de agua, vías regionales, vías intervenidas, centros de atención de salud. Al activar o desactivar estas capas, se puede visualizar diferentes tipos de información.

¿Qué es Street View?

Es una función que permite explorar una ubicación en el mapa con imágenes panorámicas de 360 grados a nivel de calle. Al seleccionar un punto en el mapa donde la función esté disponible, se puede navegar de manera virtual y tener una vista realista del entorno.

¿Qué permite hacer la herramienta de 'Ubicación' y por qué es útil?

La herramienta de 'Ubicación' permite a los usuarios filtrar y visualizar datos según el nivel geográfico, como el departamento o el municipio. Su utilidad radica en que facilita la exploración de la información de manera específica, permitiendo analizar un área de interés concreta en el territorio Wayúu y ver solo los datos relevantes para esa zona.

¿Qué es la herramienta 'Temas' y para qué sirve?

Esta herramienta permite al usuario explorar los datos del territorio Wayúu organizados en ejes temáticos clave como Agua, Alimentación, General, Movilidad y Salud. Su utilidad radica en que facilita la búsqueda de información específica, permitiendo un análisis más rápido y enfocado en distintas dimensiones, sin tener que navegar por todos los datos de forma desorganizada.

¿Qué significan las 'Coropletas' en un mapa?

Son un método para colorear un mapa que ayuda a entender rápidamente los datos. Es como pintar un mapa por regiones, donde la intensidad del color representa la intensidad de un dato. Por ejemplo, en un mapa de la prevalencia de una enfermedad, un color claro podría significar un bajo número de casos, mientras que un color oscuro o intenso indicaría un alto número de casos.

¿Qué nos muestran los 'Símbolos Proporcionales' en un mapa?

Son otro tipo de simbología que usa el tamaño de un símbolo (como un círculo) para representar un valor. Si el círculo es grande, indica un valor alto (por ejemplo, un gran número de casos de desnutrición); si el círculo es pequeño, el valor es bajo.

How did the idea of a Multidimensional Registry for the Wayúu come about?

It arose in response to Ruling T-302 of 2017 by the Constitutional Court, which called for improved information on the Wayúu indigenous people so that the State could plan and implement better public policies to guarantee their rights. In fact, the Court mentioned that some programs were not working satisfactorily for the Wayúu indigenous people and that it was necessary to create a specific registry in the four municipalities with the largest Wayúu populations.

What does the Registry ask?

About key aspects of the life of the Wayúu indigenous people: access to drinking water, health services, adequate food, births, living conditions, deaths, and other issues. This provides up-to-date information on their population, their real needs, and how they live, so that the Colombian government can take action to improve their quality of life.

How did the Wayúu indigenous people participate in the census?

This is the first statistical exercise in which an indigenous people not only responded to surveys, but also actively participated in their design and implementation. In fact, the ancestral and traditional authorities, and the people in general, helped to develop the forms and conduct the surveys. Likewise, DANE directly hired Wayúu indigenous organizations to fill the roles of surveyors and supervisors.

This also ensured that the data collection respected indigenous autonomy and that the surveys were conducted in the native language, Wayuunaiki.

How is the data verified and how often is it updated in the system?

By collecting information every three months from entities such as DANE, the Ministry of Health, ICBF, the Registrar's Office, and the mayor's offices. The databases are then cross-referenced to reduce errors and improve coverage. In addition, geospatial technology tools are used to locate rural areas inhabited by the Wayúu indigenous people, and there are technical committees responsible for validating the data.

To whom did the Registry apply?

To all members of the Wayúu indigenous people living in the places mentioned in the Judgment. Within the framework of the Registry, each and every home is visited.

Which entity is responsible for receiving and updating the data?

DANE is responsible for coordinating the collection of quality information with the various technical committees made up of State entities.

What is a layer?

In the context of maps, a layer is a set of geographic data that is superimposed on a base map. Each layer contains information on a specific topic, such as the location of water sources, regional roads, roads under construction, and health care centers. By turning these layers on or off, you can view different types of information.

What is Street View?

It is a feature that allows you to explore a location on the map with 360-degree panoramic images at street level. By selecting a point on the map where the feature is available, you can navigate virtually and get a realistic view of the surroundings.

What does the 'Location' tool allow you to do and why is it useful?

The 'Location' tool allows users to filter and view data according to geographical level, such as department or municipality. Its usefulness lies in the fact that it facilitates the exploration of information in a specific way, allowing users to analyze a specific area of interest in the Wayúu territory and see only the data relevant to that area.

What is the 'Topics' tool and what is it used for?

This tool allows users to explore data on Wayúu territory organized into key thematic areas such as Water, Food, General, Mobility, and Health. Its usefulness lies in the fact that it facilitates the search for specific information, allowing for faster and more focused analysis in different dimensions, without having to navigate through all the data in a disorganized manner.

What do 'Coropletas' mean on a map?

They are a method of coloring a map that helps to quickly understand the data. It is like painting a map by region, where the intensity of the color represents the intensity of a piece of data. For example, on a map showing the prevalence of a disease, a light color could mean a low number of cases, while a dark or intense color would indicate a high number of cases.

What do 'Proportional Symbols' show us on a map?

They are another type of symbolism that uses the size of a symbol (such as a circle) to represent a value. If the circle is large, it indicates a high value (for example, a large number of cases of malnutrition); if the circle is small, the value is low.

What is an acute respiratory infection (ARI)?

It is a disease that occurs in the respiratory system and is caused by different microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. ARIs begin suddenly and last less than two weeks. It is also the most common infection in the world and represents a significant public health issue in our country. Most of these infections, such as the common cold, are mild, but depending on the person's general health, they can become complicated and even life-threatening, as in the case of pneumonia.

Why is the MMR vaccine booster important?

The MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine booster at 18 months of age is crucial to ensure lasting immunization. The first dose, given at 12 months, provides initial protection. The booster ensures a stronger and longer-lasting immune response, reducing the risk of outbreaks of these diseases.

What is Acute Diarrheal Disease (ADD)?

It is a public health event characterized by the presence of three or more liquid or semi-liquid bowel movements in a 24-hour period, lasting less than 14 days, and may be accompanied by vomiting or fever. ADI is mainly caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites that affect the digestive tract.

Which indicator shows the health of the child population?

The percentage of children aged 6 to 12 who have at least one type 4 disability, understood as the inability to perform at least one basic activity of daily living on their own, highlights the child population that faces greater barriers to the full exercise of their right to health, comprehensive development, and education. It allows for the targeting of priority care policies and programs, as well as the strengthening of community actions for inclusion and care.

Why is it important to vaccinate newborns with BCG?

The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is vitally important, as it is given to newborns to protect them against tuberculosis, a serious disease that affects the lungs and other organs. Early vaccination is key to preventing severe forms of the disease in childhood. The indicator “Number of Indigenous People Vaccinated with BCG” shows how many newborns have received this protection in each municipality.

Which indicator allows us to measure the degree of formal access to health services?

The percentage of the registered population that is affiliated with the health system, broken down by district, allows us to measure the degree of formal access to health services by the Wayúu population. Identifying gaps in affiliation between townships is essential to guaranteeing the right to health and guiding actions to provide differential coverage in areas with less access.

What is a Food Production Unit for Self-Consumption?

A Food Production Unit for Self-Consumption (UPAA) is a space in participating households set aside for the production of agricultural and/or livestock food, which will be used to feed the members of the household. n The UPAA seeks to contribute to food access and consumption through the production of food for self-consumption and the promotion of healthy eating habits and lifestyles. The specific objectives of the project are to “establish food production units for self-consumption through the delivery of inputs, technical support, technical visits, and community strengthening activities” and to “promote healthy eating habits and lifestyles within the framework of self-care, environmental, and healthy eating practices.”

What is the “1000 Days to Change the World” Program?

It is based on the idea that the first 1,000 days of life—from conception (pregnancy) to the first two years of a child's life—are a critical and unique window of opportunity to ensure growth, physical and cognitive development, and long-term health. Its goal is to prevent chronic malnutrition, improve maternal and child health, and ensure that children have the necessary conditions for full development.

How can you access a UPAA?

To access the project, households must: reside in the areas selected in the territorial targeting process developed by Prosperidad Social for the corresponding intervention, be selected by the ethnic authorities of their communities, in accordance with the consultation process carried out with Prosperidad Social, be households from indigenous communities whose council/authority must be registered with the Ministry of the Interior in the Directorate of Indigenous, Roma, and Minority Affairs and its Traditional Authority, at the time of the socialization and consultation processes, have a Colombian citizenship card or identity card for those over 14 years of age or an indigenous IPS code or certificate of survival signed by the ethnic authority registered with the Ministry of the Interior, have the use of the land under any modality, and have access to water resources for the development of the project.

How can I access the “1000 Days to Change the World” Program?

The ICBF's “1000 Days to Change the World” strategy is an intervention that is accessed through the identification and prioritization of the most vulnerable population. The ICBF, in coordination with health authorities and community leaders, identifies children under the age of 5, as well as pregnant women, who are at risk or show signs of malnutrition. Once identified, beneficiaries receive a care package aimed at their nutritional recovery and well-being.

How can I become a beneficiary of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development's Productive Initiatives?

To become a beneficiary, Wayúu communities and families must participate in the public calls for proposals issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Access is generally granted through projects submitted by community organizations, producer associations, or traditional authorities, who register their members. These initiatives prioritize ethnic and rural communities seeking to strengthen their food security and local production.

How can I access an ICBF Nutritional Recovery Center?

You can access a CRN mainly through a referral from the health system, the ICBF, or the community itself, with priority given to children under 5 years of age who are at nutritional risk.

How can I become a beneficiary of the Productive Initiatives of the National Aquaculture and Fisheries Authority?

You can become a beneficiary by participating in the calls for proposals opened by AUNAP to support artisanal fishing and aquaculture projects. Generally, fishermen's associations or organized communities apply, and then register their members. AUNAP prioritizes rural and ethnic communities, providing supplies, training, and technical support to strengthen fishing production and the care of aquatic resources.

How can I access ICBF Nutritional Supplements?

ICBF Nutritional Supplements can be accessed by enrolling in its early childhood programs, through referral from the health sector, or through special projects in prioritized communities.

Why does Ruling T-302 of 2017 recognize the right to water as a fundamental right for the Wayúu indigenous people?

Because the Constitutional Court found a serious and widespread violation of the fundamental rights of Wayúu children and adolescents, access to water being an indispensable condition for guaranteeing life, health, and nutrition.

What indicators on access to water does the Wayúu Information System collect?

The water indicators reported by entities to the SIW relate to distance to water sources, rehabilitable water sources, liters of water delivered by tanker trucks, and the rural and urban Water Quality Risk Index (IRCA).

What does the right to water mean in Wayúu culture and daily life?

For the Wayúu indigenous people, water is not just a resource, it is an essential part of their worldview, community organization, and life in the Guajiro desert. Access to water defines their permanence in the territory and cultural survival.

How does the right to water relate to other fundamental rights such as health and food?

Safe water is necessary to prevent disease, ensure adequate nutrition, and sustain life. Lack of water directly affects children's health and food sovereignty.

What does the distribution of water by tanker truck in the four municipalities tell us?

The distribution of liters of water by tanker truck is an indicator that communities depend on emergency solutions.

What does the Water Quality Risk Index (WQRI) indicator reveal?

The WQRI (Water Quality Risk Index) reveals the risk of water causing disease. A high WQRI, especially in rural areas, indicates that the water is not safe for consumption, highlighting the need for interventions to ensure a safe water supply.

What is the mission of the UNGRD?

The National Unit for Disaster Risk Management aims to lead the implementation of disaster risk management, in line with sustainable development policies, and to coordinate the operation and ongoing development of the National System for Disaster Prevention and Response (SNPAD).

Under what conditions can the UNGRD act?

By carrying out the activities necessary to respond to emergencies, understood as situations triggered by one or more unintentional natural or anthropogenic events, or intense and serious disruption or interruption of the normal functioning or operation of a community, caused by an adverse event or the imminence thereof, requiring an immediate response.